PSY 585
Exam 1 Study Questions

1. Match the definfition to the abbreviation
Electroencephalogram EMG
Electrocardiogram EDA
Electromyogram PNS
Electro-oculogram CNS
Electrodermal Activity EOG
Skin Resistance Response BP
Skin Conductance Response SNS
Heart Rate EEG
Central Nervous System ECG
Autonomic Nervous System SCR
Sympathetic Nervous System SRR
Parasympathetic Nervous System HR
Blood Pressure ANS

2.How does physiological psychology differ from psychophysiology? Complete the table.

Discipline Subjects IV DV Methods
physiological ________ ____ _____ _______
Psychophysiological ________ ____ _____ _______

3. What are the four lobes of the brain?
a. __________________ b. __________________
c. __________________ d. __________________

4. What are Brodmann areas?

5.What are the major subdivisions of the CNS?
a. __________________ b. __________________

6. What are the major subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system?
a. __________________ b. __________________

7.The limbic system is sometimes called the _____________ brain.

8. The limbic system is important for the regulation of __________?

9.What is the importance of the Circle of Willis?

10.Identify the planes of section for the human brain and spinal cord on the figures below.
a. __________________ b. __________________
c. __________________ d. __________________

11.Three of the 12 cranial nerves have important ANS functions. Which are they?
a. __________________ b. __________________
c. __________________

12.The PNS is sometimes called the ___________________ system because of the location of the preganglionic cells in the spinal cord.

13.The SNS is sometimes called the ___________________ system because of the location of the preganglionic cells in the spinal cord.

14.What is the "sympathetic chain?"

15.What is the preganglionic (_________________) and postganglionic (_________________) neurotransmitter for the PNS?

16.What is the preganglionic (_________________) and postganglionic (_________________) neurotransmitter for the SNS?

17.What are the parts of the neuron indicated on the figure below.
a. __________________ b. __________________
c. __________________ d. __________________

18.What are they two types of graded neuronal potentials and how do they differ from each other?
a.

b.

19.The critical value need to elicit an action potential is called the ______________?

20.What is the difference between an electrode and a transducer?

21. A sine wave has a period of 0.1 s. What is its frequency in Hz?

22.Briefly define the purpose of the filters listed below.
a. high-pass
b. low-pass
c. band-pass

23. What is the purpose of Fast Fourrier Transformation (FFT)?

24.Physiological phenomena are often quantified according to what three characteristics?
a. __________________ b. __________________
c. __________________

25.Briefly define the Law of Initial values.

26.What is the concept of autonomic balance?

27.What is the inverted-U relation posited by the concept of activation?

28.What are the three problems with the unitary activation concept?
a. __________________ b. __________________
c. __________________

29.What does "directional fractionation" mean?

30.Briefly describe the intake/rejection as it relates to cardiovascular phenomena.

31.What are the two types of cardiac-somatic coupling and under what task conditions are they observed?

32.Fill in the table below. Provide the name of each type of mode of autonomic control proposed by the autonomic space theory, and indicate whether the SNS and PNS activity increases or decreases and what effect each mode would have on hear rate.

33.Define "habituation."

34. Compare and contrast the "orienting" and "defensive" responses.

35. Decribe the three Laws of Autonomic Constraint. How can other phenomenon such as the Law of Initial Values be subsumed by the Laws of Autonomic Constraint?

36. Describe how phrmacological blockades can be used to identify autonomic control modes. Illustrate with an example from Berntson et al. (1994).

37. Describe the dimensions of Specificity and Generality and define the four types of psychophysiological relations identified by Cacioppo and Tassinary (1990).

38. Define the 5 types of psychophysiological relations identified by Cacioppo and Tassinary (1990) and describe their strategy for reconfiguring the other type to the one-to-one type.

39. The field of psychophysiology is concerned with:

a. the measurement of physiological responses as they relate to behavior.

b. cognitive processes only

c. development of language skills

d. the concept of thresholds

40. What is the primary difference between Physiological Psychology and Psycho-Physiology?

a. The part of the brain they study.

b. The presence of behavioral tasks in their experiments.

c. Physiological Psychology is derived from Plato, Psycho-Physiology is derived from Aristotle.

41. the nature of the dependent and independent variables.

42. The 10^th cranial nerve is the _____________ and one of its functions is_______________.

43. The mechanism by which sodium is returned to the outside of the cell and potassium to the inside has been termed the:

a. action potential

b. sodium-Potassium pump

c. wave of depolarization

d. regeneration

44. The law of initial value (LIV) states that

a. a particular physiological response to a given stimulus or situation depends on the pre-stimulus level of the system being measured

b. the maintenance of a constant state of equilibrium depends on the magnitude of stimulus intensity

c. habituated patterning of physiological responses to a particular stimulus situation

d. people respond to stimuli according to the physiological mechanism underlying the symptom.

45. Which is an example of directional fractionation:

a. increase in heart rate and S.C.

b. decrease in heart rate and S.C.

c. increase in heart rate and decrease in S.C.

d. a plateau in heart rate and S.C.

46. Lacey presented evidence showing that tasks involving cognitive functions are accompanied

by _______________ in HR, whereas those emphasizing perceptual activities led to HR

__________. This led to the _______________ hypothesis.

a. decreases; acceleration; intake-rejection

b. increases; deceleration; cardiac-somatic coupling

c. increases; deceleration; intake-rejection

d. decreases; acceleration; cardiac-somatic coupling

47. Directional Fractionation is related to the:

a. cardiac-somatic-concept

b. stimulus-response-specificity-concept

c. the law of initial values

d. activation concept

48. Habituation refers to:

a. similar responses to novel stimuli

b. decrease in physiological responsivity with repetition of the same stimuli

c. continuous bodily activity

d. increased sensitivity in stimulus discrimination

49. According to Sokolov, the orienting response

a. makes learning easier

b. enhances motor responses

c. enhances perception of stimuli

d. allows intake of divergent stimuli

50.T or F The relation between psychological and physiological phenomena was only recognized in the 20th century.

51.T or F Phrenology is the practice of reading bumps on the head.

52.T or F The autonomic nervous system is part of the central nervous system.

53.T or F The telecephalon surrounds the fourth ventricle.

54.T or F The diencephalon surround the second ventricle.

55.T or F The reticular formation is part of both the midbrain and hindbrain.

56.T or F The limbic system is sometimes called the "visceral brain."

57.T or F The limbic system consists of structure that are distinguished by the fact that they are neocortex.

58.T or F The interior carotid supply most of the cerebral hemispheres.

59.T or F The vertebral-basiar arterial system supplys most of the cerebral hemispheres.

60.T or F The Xth cranial nerve is called the vagus.

61.T or F In the brain, the gray matter surrounds the white matter; whereas in the spinal cord the white matter surrounds the gray matter.

62.T or F In the brain, the white matter surrounds the gray matter; whereas in the spinal cord the gray matter surrounds the white matter.

63.T or F The PNS gangilion are close to the organs they innervate.

64.T or F The PNS restores energy; whereas the SNS expends energy.

65.T or F The SNS restores energy; whereas the PNS expends energy.

66.T or F Post-synaptic potenials are summed at the axonal hillock.

67.T or F Synapses are only found from axons to dendrites.

68.T or F Action potenials are graded according to the sum of the EPSPs and IPSPs.

69.T or F Psychophysiology is usually concerned with single-unit neuronal activity.

70.T or F Hz is determined by the number of sine wave cycles occurring per minute.

71.T or F "Aliasing" occurs when a higher frequency sine wave appears as a lower frequency due to undersampling.

72.T or F "Aliasing" occurs when a lower frequency sine wave appears as a higher frequency due to undersampling.

73.T or F The measurement units chosen for a physiological phenomenon will affect the conclusions about that phenomenon.

74.T or F According to the Law of Initial values, the higher the initial level the smaller the increases and the larger the decreases that are possible.

75.T or F According to the Law of Initial values, the lower the initial level the smaller the increases and the larger the decreases that are possible.

76.T or F According to the Law of Initial values, the higher the initial level the larger the increases and the smaller the decreases that are possible.

77.T or F According to the Law of Initial values, the lower the initial level the larger the increases and the smaller the decreases that are possible.

78.T or F Wenger's A-bar describes the relative dominance of the SNS or PNS.