Exam 3 Study Questions

Short Answer

1.Identify the components in the figure below.
a. _________________________
b. _________________________
c. _________________________
d. _________________________
e. _________________________
f. _________________________
g. _________________________
h. _________________________
i. _________________________
j. _________________________

2. What part of the cardiac cycle does the QRS complex in the EKG correspond to?

3.What is the Type A/B personality trait and how does it relate to heart rate reactivity?

4.What is respiratory sinus arrhythmia?

5. What is the difference between tonic and phasic heart rate?

6. According to Backs, increasing motor response processing demand in a tracking task will elicit a ___________________________ mode of autonomic control.

7. According to Backs, increasing cognitive processing demand in a memory task will elicit a ___________________________ mode of autonomic control.

8. Draw and label a a phasic heart rate orienting response in the figure below.

9. Draw and label a a phasic heart rate defensive response in the figure below.

10. Heart rate changes over an extended period of time are called ______________, wheras heart rate changes elicited by a stimulus are called _________________.

11. Briefly describe what is meant by "metabolically exaggerated" heart rate during performance of a psychologically stressful task.

12. Briefly describe the logic of the control question and guilty knowledge techniques for the detection of deception.

True/False

1. T or F Shorter PEP corresponds to sympathetic activation.

2. T or F Longer PEP corresponds to sympathetic activation.

3. T or F Increased RSA corresponds to parasympathetic activation.

4. T or F Decreased RSA corresponds to parasympathetic activation.

5. T or F Heart rate variability is the variance of the interbeat intervals over a period of several minutes.

6. T or F If heart period is 1000 ms then heart rate is 72 beats per minute.

7. T or F In general, positive emotions in the Levinson et al. (1990) study produced faster heart rate than negative emotions.

8. T or F In general, negative emotions in the Levinson et al. (1990) study produced faster heart rate than positive emotions.

9. T or F Persons with high heart rate reactivity are thought to be at greater risk for hypertension.

10. T or F Persons with low heart rate reactivity are thought to be at greater risk for hypertension.

11. T or F Shorter PEP corresponds to parasympathetic activation.

12. T or F Longer PEP corresponds to parasympathetic activation.

13. T or F Increased RSA corresponds to sympathetic activation.

14. T or F Decreased RSA corresponds to sympathetic activation.

15. T or F Persons who show high heart rate reactivity in one type of task usually show high heart rate reactivity in other types of tasks.

16. T or F Chronotropic cardiac measures are the time between events in cardiac cycle.

17. T or F Inotropic cardiac measures are the time between events in cardiac cycle.

18. T or F Heart rate is currently preferred for research purposes because it has superior statistical properties than heart period.

19. T or F Heart period is currently preferred for research purposes because it has superior statistical properties than heart rate.

20. T or F Phasic HR orienting responses have a large D1 component.

21. T or F Phasic HR orienting responses have a large A component.

22. T or F Phasic HR orienting responses have a large D2 component.

23. T or F Phasic HR defensive responses have a large D1 component.

24. T or F Phasic HR defensive responses have a large A component.

25. T or F Phasic HR defensive responses have a large D2 component.

26. T or F Stress results in tonic faster heart rate.

27. T or F Zmax corresponds to systolic blood pressure.

28. T or F Zmax corresponds to diastolic blood pressure.

29. T or F In general, faster tonic HR is associated with greater central processing demands.

30. T or F CQT is a multiple choice technique for the detection of deception.

31. T or F GKT is a multiple choice technique for the detection of deception.

32. T or F In detection of deception, a false positve error is when a guilty person is judged innocent.

33. T or F In detection of deception, a false positve error is when an innocent person is judged guilty.

34. T or F In detection of deception, a false negative error is when a guilty person is judged innocent.

35. T or F In detection of deception, a false negative error is when an innocent person is judged guilty.

Multiple Choice

1. The ______________ is (are) also known as the cardiac pacemaker.

a. atrioventricular (A-V) node

b. sinoatrial (S-A) node

c. atrioventricular (A-V) bundle

d. Purkinje fibers

2. The pressure sensitive fibers located in the carotid sinus whose main function is to insure an adequate blood supply to the brain are called

a. pulmonary sensors

b. radial fibers

c. baroreceptors

d. ventricular bundles

3. The systolic phase is associated with

a. contraction of the heart

b. relaxation of the heart

c. arrhytmic circulation of blood in the arteries

d. the dichrotic notch

4. Studies have found that increased heart rate is associated with

a. cognitive activity

b. visual perception

c. increased EEG activity

d. intake

5. Heart rate is inhibitied due to

a. decreased PNS activity

b. increased SNS activity

c. vagus nerve inhibition of the cardiac pacemaker

d. decrease in acetylocholine

6. Studies indicate that a combination of exercise and psychological stress produce a heart rate response that is ______________ than exercise alone.

a. faster

b. slower

c. either faster or slower

d. same as

7. Individuals asked to activate different facial muscle patterns associated with different emotions showed

a. no relation between posed expressions and heart rate

b. no heart rate response differences across expressions

c. heart rate responses consistent with the posed expressions

d. heart rate decelertion to all expressions

8. The concept of cardiovascular reactivity refers to response changes from ____________ to ___________.

a. task, baseline

b. baseline, task

c. task, recovery

d. baseline, recovery

9. Cardiovascular reactivity may be predictive of later development of

a. palpitations

b. anxiety

c. hypertension

d. hypotension

10. High scores on ____________ are thought to underlie the relation between cardiovascular reactivity and Type A behavior pattern.

a. aggressiveness

b. hostility

c. dominance

d. anti-social behavior

Essay

1. According to Sinha et al. (1992), how did the heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral vascular resistance responses differ across fear, anger, sadness and joy? Which emotion response do the authors suggest has the greatest implications for cardiovascular health and why?

2. What countermeasures did Honts et al. (1994) use and were they equally effective? What were the major physiological effects of the countermeasures? Were the examiners able to detect the use of countermeasures and how was this assessed?

3. Decribe the cardiovascular (heart period and variability) results for pilots and WSOs across mission phases in the Wilson (1993) study. What are the implications of these results for the assessment of mental workload in-flight?