Chapter 12 – Motivation

I. What Is Motivation?

A. Goal-directed behavior

B. Intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation

II. Food

A. Weight

1. Set-point theory

2. Role of the hypothalamus

3. Overweight debate

4. Impact of culture

B. Eating disorders

1. Anorexia nervosa

2. Bulimia nervosa

III. Love

A. Need for affiliation

B. Predictors of Love

C. Theories of Love

1. Triangle theory: passion, intimacy, commitment

ex: romantic love = I & P; infatuation = P

2. Attachment theory: secure, avoidant, anxious-ambivalent

D. Gender differences

IV. Sex

A. Human sexual response cycle

B. Gender differences

1. Biologically based

2. Culturally based

3. Evolutionary basis?

C. Desire

1. Pleasure, intimacy, reproduction

2. Others (e.g., approval, avoidance, etc)

3. Sexual coercion

4. Gender roles and sexual scripts

D. Sexual orientation

1. Range of definitions

2. Theories of development

V. Work

A. Role of Need for Achievement

1. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

B. Why work?

1. Performance goals (doing well, favorably judged)

2. Mastery (learning) goals (becoming competent)

C. How to be successful

1. Specific goals

2. Challenging yet achievable goals

3. Approach rather than avoidant goals

D. The role of self-efficacy

E. Environmental effects on motivation/satisfaction

F. Motivational Conflicts

1. Approach-approach

2. Avoidance-avoidance

3. Approach-avoidance

4. Alternate model: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Survival à security à social à esteem à self-actualization