Chapter 10 - Memory

I. Kinds of Memory

A. What is memory?

1. Preserved intact, like a videotape?

2. Reconstructed?

B. Implicit (tested via priming, relearning)

C. Explicit (tested via recall or recognition)

D. “Flashbulb memories”

E. Confabulation

F. “Manufactured” memories

1. Based on ethnic groups, stereotypes

2. Based on certain phrases (eg, smashed vs hit; a vs the)

3. Based on leading/suggestive questions

II. Stage Theory of Memory (Three-Box Model)

Sensory Register à Short-term Memory à Long-term Memory

	STM (“Working Memory”)	LTM
Capacity:	Small (7+2)	Huge
Duration:	Approx. 15 seconds	Lifetime
Forgetting:	Interference (displacement) & Decay	Interference, but can be recovered

III. Steps in Memory Process

A. Encoding

1. Effortless/automatic

2. Effortful/deliberate

B. Rehearsal

1. Serial position effect

a. primacy effect

b. recency effect

2. Maintenance rehearsal (shallow processing) vs.

elaborative rehearsal and deep processing

3. Chunking

4. Mnemonic formulas

5. “Verbal organization” into songs, rhymes

6. Visual imagery

C. Retrieval/Forgetting

1. Decay

2. Replacement

3. Interference

a. proactive vs. retroactive

4. Change in retrieval cues

a. state-dependent

b. cue-dependent

c. mood-congruent memories

5. Amnesia

a. organic amnesia

b. psychogenic amnesia

c. traumatic amnesia or repression?

d. infantile amnesia

e. source amnesia (source misattribution)

IV. Biology of Memory

A. Brain structures, esp hippocampus

B. Chemicals: adrenal hormones, glucose