ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 101
Hastings Sessions  -  Updated 8 April 2002

Some Useful/ Interesting Links

Norse vs. Inuit Occupations of Greenland

Especially relevant to ENV 101:

• Lost Vikings of Greenland - PBS, from Secrets of the Dead series

Some additional resources:

• L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site - Parks Canada (revised internet address posted 9/7/99)
• Discoverers' Web:  The Vikings - Links to many Viking-related web sites of varying interest and credibility
• North: Landscape of the Imagination - Virtual exhibit, National Library of Canada
• Eirik the Red's Saga - extracts from The Norse Atlantic Saga... (Gwyn Jones, 1964) describing Norse colonization of Greenland and several journeys to Vinland.  National Library of Canada.
• Archaeological Research in Greenland - Danish / Greenlandic Network, Danish Research Councils

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Late Pleistocene Extinctions:

• Blackwater Draw Site - Clovis type site in New Mexico
• Center for the Study of the First Americans - Oregon State U. in Corvallis
  • Mammoth Trumpet - Newsletter for anyone interested in Paleo-Indians
• Current Research in the Pleistocene  
• The Ecological Indian: Myth and History, by S. Krech - Book review by David Orton
• Extinction and Depletion from Over-exploitation - Biodiversity and Conservation... by P. J. Bryant
• Late Pleistocene Extinctions - Illinois State Museum

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Andean Vicuña

Especially Useful Sources:

• Managing the Vicuña and Its Golden Fleece - 1999, Eric Hoffman
• Sustaining Vicuña Populations through Community Involvement - 1997, Consejo Nacional de Camélidos Sudamericanos

Also of Interest:

• Chacu! - Traditional, community-based round-up, catch, and release of wild vicuñas
• Incalpaca TPX - authorized commercial distributor of vicuña wool products
• Selling Fleece of Endangered Vicuña... - 1998, Catherine Elton, Christian Science Monitor
• Vicuña Facts - Bonny Doon Alpacas
• Vicuñas:  Bearers of the Golden Fleece - Eric Hoffman
• Wheeler, JC and D Hoces R. (1997). “Community participation, sustainable use, and vicuna conservation in Peru.” Mountain Research and Development 17(3): 283-287.
  • This paper examines the history of vicuna conservation in Peru over the last thirty
    years. During this period management strategies have shifted from protection to
    sustainable utilization, from a centralized administration with use of armed park guards
    and disenfranchisement of the campesino communities, to investing the legal custody
    of the vicuna, together with responsibility for its protection and the right to utilize
    products obtained from live animals, in the campesino communities located on lands
    where the vicuna lives. Although many questions remain to be answered concerning
    the impact of these changes, financial benefits obtained by the communities from sales
    of live shorn fiber far exceed those from hides sold on the black market, providing a
    powerful incentive to protect the species, and recent survey data record a decline in
    poaching.

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Maca

• Maca Root - Ethnohealth, Germany
• Maca Growers / Maca Magic - Herbs America Network
• Maca - The Peruvian Aphrodisiac? - Nutraceutic.com

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Coca

Especially Useful Sources on Environmental Factors:

• Coca and Colombian Environment - Schaffer Library of Drug Policy
• Peru, Coca Trade, and Environment - Trade and Environment Database
• Studies Show Coca Spraying Harms Health and Environment - Colombia Report, Information Network of the Americas, August 2001

Also of Interest:

• Before Prohibition - early commercial uses of coca; University of Buffalo
• Coca:  An Andean Tradition - 1993 document presented to UN Commission on Human Rights
  • Erythroxylum coca 
  • Erythroxylum:  The Coca Plant - April Rottman
  • The Coca Plant - Cliff Krol
• Coca Eradication - Foreign Policy in Focus, 1998, by Phillip Coffin
• Coca Leaf - Schaffer Library of Drug Policy
• Mate Coca - Commercial page on coca leaf tea
• The Need for Studying the Problem of Coca-leaf Chewing - Carlos Monge M., 1952
• U.S. "War on Drugs" in Bolivia - 1991, Coletta Youngers, Washington Office on Latin America
• War on drugs takes toll on environment - Environmental News Network, March 2001

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Cree vs. Hydro-Quebec

Basic Opposing Positions:

• Grand Council of the Crees - Council of 8 James Bay Cree communities - extensive website including numerous documents regarding Hydro-Quebec, other environmental concerns, and issues of Quebec secession
  • Hydro Development - Background, environmental, and policy issues
• Hydro-Québec - corporate home page
  • Hydro-Québec and Environment - company position on hydroelectricity, environmental impact, past performance, and knowledge gained about far northern environments
• Basic Map - showing some of the disputed rivers flowing into James Bay and southern Hudson Bay
• More Detailed Map - including Great Whale, La Grande, Rupert, and other rivers

Recent Developments!

• *Into the Promised Land, with Trust - October 2001 Agreement between Quebec government and Cree Grand Council, reported in Log Cabin Chronicles
• *James Bay Crees Surrender Rupert River - developments between October 2001 and April 2002
• Dams and Development - Cree response to the November 2000 Final Report of the World Commission on Dams
• New Quebec River Diversions Threaten Wilderness, Indigenous Lands - Native Forest Network, Action Alert #9, regarding planning and proposals 1997-1999
• Crees Will Fight Hydro-Quebec - 1997 news release

Additional Good Background Information:

• Cree Legal Struggle Against Great Whale Project - report on 1991 judicial decision, with recent updates
• Cree Nation Magazine - The News and Cultural Magazine of the James Bay Cree
• Goldman Environmental Prize, 1994 - Cree Grand Chief Matthew Coon Come
• Hunting and the Quest for Power - The James Bay Cree in the 20th Century
• Quebec's Northern Crees 
• 25 years of Force-fed Acculturation - Commentary on the October 2001 accord (see above)

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